TY - CHAP

T1 - Chemostratigraphy Across the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) Boundary

T2 - Testing the Impact and Volcanism Hypotheses

AU - Sial, Alcides Nobrega

AU - Chen, Jiubin

AU - Lacerda, Luis Drude

AU - Frei, Robert

AU - Higgins, John A.

AU - Tewari, Vinod Chandra

AU - Gaucher, Claudio

AU - Ferreira, Valderez Pinto

AU - Cirilli, Simonetta

AU - Korte, Christoph

AU - Barbosa, Jose Antonio

AU - Pereira, Natan Silva

AU - Ramos, Danielle Santiago

N1 - Funding Information: Grants to ANS (CNPq471036/2012‐9, FACEPE APQ‐1059‐9.05/12, and APQ 1073‐1.07/15), to JBC (NSFC 41625012, NSFC41273023, NSFC U1301231, and NSFC41561134017), to LDL (CNPq INCT‐ TMCOcean 573.601/ 2008‐9, CNPq 576.601/2009‐1), and to VPF (CNPq 471034/2012‐6, FACEPE APQ1738‐1.07/12) provided financial support to chemical or isotope analyses. Financial support through the Danish Agency for Science, Technology, and Innovation (grant n. 11‐103378) to RF and through the Danish National Research Foundation’s center of excellence NordCEE (DNRF grant n. DNRF53) is highly appreciated. Drilling at the Poty site was supported by the Paraíba Drilling Project/UFPE/CNPq/Princeton University. VCT is grateful to the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for three‐month visiting professor fellowship in the LABISE, Brazil, and thankful to Dr. A.K. Gupta, director of WIHG, for collaborative project between this institution and LABISE. We are grateful to Prof. Finn Surlyk (University of Copenhagen) and to an anonymous reviewer whose comments and suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript greatly contributed to improve it. This is the NEG‐LABISE contribution n. 284. Funding Information: Grants to ANS (CNPq 471036/2012-9, FACEPE APQ-1059-9.05/12, and APQ 1073-1.07/15), to JBC (NSFC 41625012, NSFC41273023, NSFC U1301231, and NSFC41561134017), to LDL (CNPq INCT- TMCOcean 573.601/ 2008-9, CNPq 576.601/2009-1), and to VPF (CNPq 471034/2012-6, FACEPE APQ1738-1.07/12) provided financial support to chemical or isotope analyses. Financial support through the Danish Agency for Science, Technology, and Innovation (grant n. 11-103378) to RF and through the Danish National Research Foundation’s center of excellence NordCEE (DNRF grant n. DNRF53) is highly appreciated. Drilling at the Poty site was supported by the Paraíba Drilling Project/UFPE/CNPq/Princeton University. VCT is grateful to the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for three-month visiting professor fellowship in the LABISE, Brazil, and thankful to Dr. A.K. Gupta, director of WIHG, for collaborative project between this institution and LABISE. We are grateful to Prof. Finn Surlyk (University of Copenhagen) and to an anonymous reviewer whose comments and suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript greatly contributed to improve it. This is the NEG-LABISE contribution n. 284. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 the American Geophysical Union.

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - The mass extinction which marks the K-Pg has been linked to a catastrophic event. Cr and Os isotopes and 3 He/4He ratios of He encapsulated in fullerenes within Ir-rich K-Pg layer point to an extraterrestrial cause, while Hg/TOC spikes across the K-Pg boundary suggest Hg loading from the Deccan volcanism. Three Hg/TOC spikes are present in some classical K-Pg sections: (i) spike I within the CF2 planktic foraminiferal biozone, (ii) spike II at the K-Pg boundary layer, and (iii) spike III within the P1a planktic foraminiferal subzone. The spike II has, perhaps, resulted from Hg loading from the asteroid impact and volcanism. We suggest that higher ΣREE+Y values in the K-Pg layers are, perhaps, related to Deccan volcanism or to sea-level fluctuations, coeval to the K-Pg transition that enhanced continental influx. True negative Ce anomaly suggests predominance of oxidized surface waters during the K-Pg transition. In a δ202Hg versus Δ201Hg plot, samples from the spike II and from Bidart-France lie within the Hg volcanic emission box. Samples from spikes I and III from Bidart lie within the volcanic emission/chondrite box. Small positive Δ201Hg favors long-term atmospheric transport and supports Hg loading to the environment by Deccan phase 2 in three distinct episodes.

AB - The mass extinction which marks the K-Pg has been linked to a catastrophic event. Cr and Os isotopes and 3 He/4He ratios of He encapsulated in fullerenes within Ir-rich K-Pg layer point to an extraterrestrial cause, while Hg/TOC spikes across the K-Pg boundary suggest Hg loading from the Deccan volcanism. Three Hg/TOC spikes are present in some classical K-Pg sections: (i) spike I within the CF2 planktic foraminiferal biozone, (ii) spike II at the K-Pg boundary layer, and (iii) spike III within the P1a planktic foraminiferal subzone. The spike II has, perhaps, resulted from Hg loading from the asteroid impact and volcanism. We suggest that higher ΣREE+Y values in the K-Pg layers are, perhaps, related to Deccan volcanism or to sea-level fluctuations, coeval to the K-Pg transition that enhanced continental influx. True negative Ce anomaly suggests predominance of oxidized surface waters during the K-Pg transition. In a δ202Hg versus Δ201Hg plot, samples from the spike II and from Bidart-France lie within the Hg volcanic emission box. Samples from spikes I and III from Bidart lie within the volcanic emission/chondrite box. Small positive Δ201Hg favors long-term atmospheric transport and supports Hg loading to the environment by Deccan phase 2 in three distinct episodes.

U2 - 10.1002/9781119382508.ch12

DO - 10.1002/9781119382508.ch12

M3 - Book chapter

SN - 978-1-119-38248-5

VL - 240

T3 - Geophysical Monograph Series

SP - 223

EP - 257

BT - Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries

PB - Wiley

ER -