Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Standard

Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study. / Kaasik, Marko; Meinander, Outi; Leppänen, Leena; Anttila, Kati; Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla; Ginnerup, Anders; Hampinen, Timo; Liu, Yijing; Gunnarsson, Andri; Langley, Kirsty; Arslan, Ali Nadir.

In: Geosciences (Switzerland), Vol. 13, No. 7, 205, 2023.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Harvard

Kaasik, M, Meinander, O, Leppänen, L, Anttila, K, Dagsson-Waldhauserova, P, Ginnerup, A, Hampinen, T, Liu, Y, Gunnarsson, A, Langley, K & Arslan, AN 2023, 'Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study', Geosciences (Switzerland), vol. 13, no. 7, 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13070205

APA

Kaasik, M., Meinander, O., Leppänen, L., Anttila, K., Dagsson-Waldhauserova, P., Ginnerup, A., Hampinen, T., Liu, Y., Gunnarsson, A., Langley, K., & Arslan, A. N. (2023). Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study. Geosciences (Switzerland), 13(7), [205]. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13070205

Vancouver

Kaasik M, Meinander O, Leppänen L, Anttila K, Dagsson-Waldhauserova P, Ginnerup A et al. Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study. Geosciences (Switzerland). 2023;13(7). 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13070205

Author

Kaasik, Marko ; Meinander, Outi ; Leppänen, Leena ; Anttila, Kati ; Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla ; Ginnerup, Anders ; Hampinen, Timo ; Liu, Yijing ; Gunnarsson, Andri ; Langley, Kirsty ; Arslan, Ali Nadir. / Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study. In: Geosciences (Switzerland). 2023 ; Vol. 13, No. 7.

Bibtex

@article{7badbbc74f304e73bb7c51950764500b,
title = "Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler{\textquoteright}s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study",
abstract = "Snow sampling, either by inserting a tube through the entire snowpack or by taking samples from the vertical profile, is widely applied to measure the snow depth, density, and snow water equivalent (SWE). A comparative study of snow-sampling methods was carried out on 24 March 2022 in Sodankyl{\"a}, Finland. Six groups from five countries (Estonia, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, and Sweden) participated, using 12 different snow samplers, including 9 bulk tube samplers and 3 density cutters. The cross-sectional area of the SWE samplers varied from 11 to 100 cm2, while tube length varied from 30 cm to 100 cm. The cross-sectional area of the density profile cutters varied from 100 cm2 to 200 cm2 and the vertical sampling step varied from 5 cm to 10 cm. The samples were taken from snow pits in 55–65-centimeter-deep snow cover in a flat area with sparse pine trees, with the pits at a maximum distance of 10 m from each other. Each tube sampling series consisted of 3–10 vertical columns to ensure statistical validation. The snowpack was relatively soft, with two moderately hard crust layers. The density recorded in the tube sample measurements varied from 218 to 265 kgm−3. The measurement results of SWE, however, varied depending on the sampling equipment used, ranging from 148 to 180 kgm−2, with two outliers of 77 and 106 kgm−2, both with 11 cm2 samplers.",
keywords = "snow cover, snow sampling, snow water equivalent, tube sampler",
author = "Marko Kaasik and Outi Meinander and Leena Lepp{\"a}nen and Kati Anttila and Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova and Anders Ginnerup and Timo Hampinen and Yijing Liu and Andri Gunnarsson and Kirsty Langley and Arslan, {Ali Nadir}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 by the authors.",
year = "2023",
doi = "10.3390/geosciences13070205",
language = "English",
volume = "13",
journal = "Geosciences",
issn = "2076-3263",
publisher = "M D P I AG",
number = "7",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study

AU - Kaasik, Marko

AU - Meinander, Outi

AU - Leppänen, Leena

AU - Anttila, Kati

AU - Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla

AU - Ginnerup, Anders

AU - Hampinen, Timo

AU - Liu, Yijing

AU - Gunnarsson, Andri

AU - Langley, Kirsty

AU - Arslan, Ali Nadir

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Snow sampling, either by inserting a tube through the entire snowpack or by taking samples from the vertical profile, is widely applied to measure the snow depth, density, and snow water equivalent (SWE). A comparative study of snow-sampling methods was carried out on 24 March 2022 in Sodankylä, Finland. Six groups from five countries (Estonia, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, and Sweden) participated, using 12 different snow samplers, including 9 bulk tube samplers and 3 density cutters. The cross-sectional area of the SWE samplers varied from 11 to 100 cm2, while tube length varied from 30 cm to 100 cm. The cross-sectional area of the density profile cutters varied from 100 cm2 to 200 cm2 and the vertical sampling step varied from 5 cm to 10 cm. The samples were taken from snow pits in 55–65-centimeter-deep snow cover in a flat area with sparse pine trees, with the pits at a maximum distance of 10 m from each other. Each tube sampling series consisted of 3–10 vertical columns to ensure statistical validation. The snowpack was relatively soft, with two moderately hard crust layers. The density recorded in the tube sample measurements varied from 218 to 265 kgm−3. The measurement results of SWE, however, varied depending on the sampling equipment used, ranging from 148 to 180 kgm−2, with two outliers of 77 and 106 kgm−2, both with 11 cm2 samplers.

AB - Snow sampling, either by inserting a tube through the entire snowpack or by taking samples from the vertical profile, is widely applied to measure the snow depth, density, and snow water equivalent (SWE). A comparative study of snow-sampling methods was carried out on 24 March 2022 in Sodankylä, Finland. Six groups from five countries (Estonia, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, and Sweden) participated, using 12 different snow samplers, including 9 bulk tube samplers and 3 density cutters. The cross-sectional area of the SWE samplers varied from 11 to 100 cm2, while tube length varied from 30 cm to 100 cm. The cross-sectional area of the density profile cutters varied from 100 cm2 to 200 cm2 and the vertical sampling step varied from 5 cm to 10 cm. The samples were taken from snow pits in 55–65-centimeter-deep snow cover in a flat area with sparse pine trees, with the pits at a maximum distance of 10 m from each other. Each tube sampling series consisted of 3–10 vertical columns to ensure statistical validation. The snowpack was relatively soft, with two moderately hard crust layers. The density recorded in the tube sample measurements varied from 218 to 265 kgm−3. The measurement results of SWE, however, varied depending on the sampling equipment used, ranging from 148 to 180 kgm−2, with two outliers of 77 and 106 kgm−2, both with 11 cm2 samplers.

KW - snow cover

KW - snow sampling

KW - snow water equivalent

KW - tube sampler

U2 - 10.3390/geosciences13070205

DO - 10.3390/geosciences13070205

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85166315277

VL - 13

JO - Geosciences

JF - Geosciences

SN - 2076-3263

IS - 7

M1 - 205

ER -

ID: 362063974