Rapid shifting of a deep magmatic source at Fagradalsfjall volcano, Iceland
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Rapid shifting of a deep magmatic source at Fagradalsfjall volcano, Iceland. / Halldorsson, Saemundur A.; Marshall, Edward W.; Caracciolo, Alberto; Matthews, Simon; Bali, Enikö; Rasmussen, Maja B.; Ranta, Eemu; Robin, Jóhann Gunnarsson; Guðfinnsson, Guðmundur H.; Sigmarsson, Olgeir; Maclennan, John; Jackson, Matthew G.; Whitehouse, Martin J.; Jeon, Heejin; van der Meer, Quinten H. A.; Mibei, Geoffrey K.; Kalliokoski, Maarit H.; Repczynska, Maria M.; Rúnarsdóttir, Rebekka Hlín; Sigurðsson, Gylfi; Pfeffer, Melissa Anne; Scott, Samuel W.; Kjartansdóttir, Ríkey; Kleine, Barbara; Oppenheimer, Clive; Aiuppa, Alessandro; Ilyinskaya, Evgenia; Bitetto, Marcello; Giudice, Gaetano; Stefansson, Andri.
In: Nature, Vol. 609, 2022, p. 529–534.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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T1 - Rapid shifting of a deep magmatic source at Fagradalsfjall volcano, Iceland
AU - Halldorsson, Saemundur A.
AU - Marshall, Edward W.
AU - Caracciolo, Alberto
AU - Matthews, Simon
AU - Bali, Enikö
AU - Rasmussen, Maja B.
AU - Ranta, Eemu
AU - Robin, Jóhann Gunnarsson
AU - Guðfinnsson, Guðmundur H.
AU - Sigmarsson, Olgeir
AU - Maclennan, John
AU - Jackson, Matthew G.
AU - Whitehouse, Martin J.
AU - Jeon, Heejin
AU - van der Meer, Quinten H. A.
AU - Mibei, Geoffrey K.
AU - Kalliokoski, Maarit H.
AU - Repczynska, Maria M.
AU - Rúnarsdóttir, Rebekka Hlín
AU - Sigurðsson, Gylfi
AU - Pfeffer, Melissa Anne
AU - Scott, Samuel W.
AU - Kjartansdóttir, Ríkey
AU - Kleine, Barbara
AU - Oppenheimer, Clive
AU - Aiuppa, Alessandro
AU - Ilyinskaya, Evgenia
AU - Bitetto, Marcello
AU - Giudice, Gaetano
AU - Stefansson, Andri
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Recent Icelandic rifting events have illuminated the roles of centralized crustal magma reservoirs and lateral magma transport(1-4), important characteristics of mid-ocean ridge magmatism(1,5). A consequence of such shallow crustal processing of magmas(4,5) is the overprinting of signatures that trace the origin, evolution and transport of melts in the uppermost mantle and lowermost crust(6,7). Here we present unique insights into processes occurring in this zone from integrated petrologic and geochemical studies of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption on the Reykjanes Peninsula in Iceland. Geochemical analyses of basalts erupted during the first 50 days of the eruption, combined with associated gas emissions, reveal direct sourcing from a near-Moho magma storage zone. Geochemical proxies, which signify different mantle compositions and melting conditions, changed at a rate unparalleled for individual basaltic eruptions globally. Initially, the erupted lava was dominated by melts sourced from the shallowest mantle but over the following three weeks became increasingly dominated by magmas generated at a greater depth. This exceptionally rapid trend in erupted compositions provides an unprecedented temporal record of magma mixing that filters the mantle signal, consistent with processing in near-Moho melt lenses containing 10(7)-10(8) m(3) of basaltic magma. Exposing previously inaccessible parts of this key magma processing zone to near-real-time investigations provides new insights into the timescales and operational mode of basaltic magma systems.
AB - Recent Icelandic rifting events have illuminated the roles of centralized crustal magma reservoirs and lateral magma transport(1-4), important characteristics of mid-ocean ridge magmatism(1,5). A consequence of such shallow crustal processing of magmas(4,5) is the overprinting of signatures that trace the origin, evolution and transport of melts in the uppermost mantle and lowermost crust(6,7). Here we present unique insights into processes occurring in this zone from integrated petrologic and geochemical studies of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption on the Reykjanes Peninsula in Iceland. Geochemical analyses of basalts erupted during the first 50 days of the eruption, combined with associated gas emissions, reveal direct sourcing from a near-Moho magma storage zone. Geochemical proxies, which signify different mantle compositions and melting conditions, changed at a rate unparalleled for individual basaltic eruptions globally. Initially, the erupted lava was dominated by melts sourced from the shallowest mantle but over the following three weeks became increasingly dominated by magmas generated at a greater depth. This exceptionally rapid trend in erupted compositions provides an unprecedented temporal record of magma mixing that filters the mantle signal, consistent with processing in near-Moho melt lenses containing 10(7)-10(8) m(3) of basaltic magma. Exposing previously inaccessible parts of this key magma processing zone to near-real-time investigations provides new insights into the timescales and operational mode of basaltic magma systems.
KW - MIDOCEAN RIDGE BASALTS
KW - REYKJANES PENINSULA
KW - PRESSURES
KW - CONSTRAINTS
KW - SOLUBILITY
KW - GENERATION
KW - EVOLUTION
KW - INSIGHTS
KW - ERUPTION
KW - OLIVINE
U2 - 10.1038/s41586-022-04981-x
DO - 10.1038/s41586-022-04981-x
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36104557
VL - 609
SP - 529
EP - 534
JO - Nature
JF - Nature
SN - 0028-0836
ER -
ID: 320878778