Causality guided machine learning model on wetland CH4 emissions across global wetlands
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Wetland CH4 emissions are among the most uncertain components of the global CH4 budget. The complex nature of wetland CH4 processes makes it challenging to identify causal relationships for improving our understanding and predictability of CH4 emissions. In this study, we used the flux measurements of CH4 from eddy covariance towers (30 sites from 4 wetlands types: bog, fen, marsh, and wet tundra) to construct a causality-constrained machine learning (ML) framework to explain the regulative factors and to capture CH4 emissions at sub-seasonal scale. We found that soil temperature is the dominant factor for CH4 emissions in all studied wetland types. Ecosystem respiration (CO2) and gross primary productivity exert controls at bog, fen, and marsh sites with lagged responses of days to weeks. Integrating these asynchronous environmental and biological causal relationships in predictive models significantly improved model performance. More importantly, modeled CH4 emissions differed by up to a factor of 4 under a +1°C warming scenario when causality constraints were considered. These results highlight the significant role of causality in modeling wetland CH4 emissions especially under future warming conditions, while traditional data-driven ML models may reproduce observations for the wrong reasons. Our proposed causality-guided model could benefit predictive modeling, large-scale upscaling, data gap-filling, and surrogate modeling of wetland CH4 emissions within earth system land models.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | 109115 |
| Tidsskrift | Agricultural and Forest Meteorology |
| Vol/bind | 324 |
| Antal sider | 10 |
| ISSN | 0168-1923 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2022 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
This research was primarily supported by NASA Carbon Monitoring System grant (#NNH20ZDA001N) and the Reducing Uncertainties in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation (RUBISCO) Scientific Focus Area Project, the latter is sponsored by the Earth and Environmental Systems Modeling (EESM) Program under the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy Office of Science. Min Chen acknowledges the support from NASA Terrestrial Ecology Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment Phase 2 program (#80NSSC21K1702). Margaret Torn acknowledges the support from The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) project under the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. We acknowledge support from John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis of the U.S. Geological Survey (“Wetland FLUXNET Synthesis for Methane” working group). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Funding Information:
This research was primarily supported by NASA Carbon Monitoring System grant ( #NNH20ZDA001N ) and the Reducing Uncertainties in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation (RUBISCO) Scientific Focus Area Project, the latter is sponsored by the Earth and Environmental Systems Modeling (EESM) Program under the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy Office of Science. Min Chen acknowledges the support from NASA Terrestrial Ecology Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment Phase 2 program ( #80NSSC21K1702 ). Margaret Torn acknowledges the support from The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) project under the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. We acknowledge support from John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis of the U.S. Geological Survey (“Wetland FLUXNET Synthesis for Methane” working group). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022
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