TY - JOUR

T1 - Low RMRratio as a surrogate marker for energy deficiency, the choice of predictive equation vital for correctly identifying male and female ballet dancers at risk

AU - Staal, Sarah

AU - Sjödin, Anders Mikael

AU - Fahrenholtz, Ida Lysdahl

AU - Bonnesen, Karen

AU - Melin, Anna Katarina

N1 - CURIS 2018 NEXS 261

PY - 2018

Y1 - 2018

N2 - Ballet dancers are reported to have an increased risk for energy deficiency with or without disordered eating (DE) behavior. A low ratio between measured (m) and predicted (p) resting metabolic rate (RMRratio<0.90) is a recognized surrogate marker for energy deficiency. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of suppressed RMR using different methods to calculatepRMR and to explore associations with additional markers of energy deficiency. Female (n=20) and male (n=20) professional ballet dancers, 19-35 years of age were enrolled. mRMR was assessed by respiratory calorimetry (ventilated open hood). pRMR was determined using the Cunningham and Harris-Benedict equation, and different tissue compartments derived from whole body Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry assessment. The protocol further included assessment of body composition and bone mineral density (BMD), blood pressure, DE (Eating Disorder Intervention-3), and for females the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q). The prevalence of suppressed RMR was generally high but also clearly dependent on the method used to calculate pRMR, ranging from 25 to 80% in males and 35 to 100% in females. Five percent had low BMD, while 10% had DE, and 25% hypotension. Forty percent of females had elevated LEAF-Q score, and 50% were underweight. Suppressed RMR was associated with elevated LEAF-Q score in females and with higher training volume in males. In conclusion, professional ballet dancers are at risk for energy deficiency. The number of identified dancers at risk varies greatly depending on the method used to predict RMR, when using RMRratio as a marker for energy deficiency.

AB - Ballet dancers are reported to have an increased risk for energy deficiency with or without disordered eating (DE) behavior. A low ratio between measured (m) and predicted (p) resting metabolic rate (RMRratio<0.90) is a recognized surrogate marker for energy deficiency. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of suppressed RMR using different methods to calculatepRMR and to explore associations with additional markers of energy deficiency. Female (n=20) and male (n=20) professional ballet dancers, 19-35 years of age were enrolled. mRMR was assessed by respiratory calorimetry (ventilated open hood). pRMR was determined using the Cunningham and Harris-Benedict equation, and different tissue compartments derived from whole body Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry assessment. The protocol further included assessment of body composition and bone mineral density (BMD), blood pressure, DE (Eating Disorder Intervention-3), and for females the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q). The prevalence of suppressed RMR was generally high but also clearly dependent on the method used to calculate pRMR, ranging from 25 to 80% in males and 35 to 100% in females. Five percent had low BMD, while 10% had DE, and 25% hypotension. Forty percent of females had elevated LEAF-Q score, and 50% were underweight. Suppressed RMR was associated with elevated LEAF-Q score in females and with higher training volume in males. In conclusion, professional ballet dancers are at risk for energy deficiency. The number of identified dancers at risk varies greatly depending on the method used to predict RMR, when using RMRratio as a marker for energy deficiency.

KW - Faculty of Science

KW - Energy availability

KW - Ballet dancers

KW - Relative energy deficiency

KW - Resting metabolic rate

KW - Bone mineral density

U2 - 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0327

DO - 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0327

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29405782

VL - 28

SP - 412

EP - 418

JO - International Journal of Sport Nutrition & Exercise Metabolism

JF - International Journal of Sport Nutrition & Exercise Metabolism

SN - 1526-484X

IS - 4

ER -