The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Letter › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17–34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Tidsskrift | Nature Plants |
| Vol/bind | 9 |
| Sider (fra-til) | 1795–1809 |
| ISSN | 2055-026X |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2023 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
We thank the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative (GFBi) for establishing the data standards and collaborative framework; TRY database managers and countless researchers who contributed open-access data. This work was supported by grants to C.M.Z. from the Ambizione fellowship (PZ00P3_193646), L.M. from the China Scholarship Council, and T.W.C. from DOB Ecology and the Bernina Foundation. O.B. acknowledges funding from the Romania National Council for Higher Education, CNFIS, project number CNFIS-FDI-2023-F-0579. We thank the French National Forest Inventory (NFI campaigns; raw data 2005 and subsequent annual surveys were downloaded by GFBI at https://inventaire-forestier.ign.fr/spip.php?rubrique159 , accessed on 1 January 2015) and the Italian Forest Inventory (NFI campaigns; raw data 2005 and subsequent surveys were downloaded by GFBI at https://inventarioforestale.org/ , accessed on 27 April 2019); G.A. was supported by the Italian National Recovery Plan through the National Biodiversity Future Center. M.B. thanks the BOS Foundation, the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), the Direktorat Fasilitasi Organisasi Politik dan Kemasyarakatan, Departamen Dalam Negri, and the BKSDA Palangkaraya for permission to work in the MAWAS region of Indonesia, and acknowledges funding from The American Society of Primatologists, the Duke University Graduate School, the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation, the National Science Foundation (Grant No. 0452995) and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (Grant No. 7330). K.S. thanks the IBL for supporting this work by internal funds under project no. 261509 “AFTER FBS - maintenance of ForBioSensing project performance indicators”. Plot data collection from Białowieża Forest was supported by Project LIFE+ ForBioSensing (contract number LIFE13ENV/PL/000048) and Poland’s National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management (contract number 485/2014/WN10/OPNMLF/D). Plot data collection from Central Siberia was supported by Russian Science Foundation project no 21-46-07002. Contributions from ForestPlots.net and RAINFOR were supported by numerous sources, including the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant 291585 – ‘T-FORCES’), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (1656 ‘RAINFOR’), the Natural Environment Research Council (including NE/B503384/1, NE/N012542/1) and the Royal Society (ICA/R1/180100 - ‘FORAMA’). We also thank the National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq) for support to the Cerrado/Amazonia Transition Long-Term Ecology Project (PELD/441244/2016-5). J.D. was funded by the Czech Science Foundation (project no. 21-26883S).We are grateful to all the ministries and agencies from the Government of Spain and to all the people that supported the collection, compilation, and coordination of forest inventory data, also including the Spanish National Forest Inventories. Sergio de Miguel benefitted from a Serra-Húnter fellowship provided by the Government of Catalonia (Generalitat de Catalunya). J.C.S. considers this work a contribution to Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (grant DNRF173) and his VILLUM Investigator project ‘Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World’, funded by VILLUM FONDEN (grant 16549). The exploratory plots of FunDivEUROPE were established through funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under Grant 265171. Plot data collection from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest was supported by the State of São Paulo Research Foundation/FAPESP (BIOTA Grants 2003/12595-7; 2012/51509-8 and 2012/51872-5) and by the Brazilian National Research Council/CNPq (PELD Grant 403710/2012-0). H.V was funded by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, project UIDB/04033/2020 and ICNF-Instituto da Conservação da Natureza, Portugal, National Forest Inventory. Financial support for the Monafor network in Mexico came from many projects, including the National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR), Council of Science and Technology of the State of Durango (COCYTED), the Natural Environment Research Council, UK (NERC; NE/T011084/1), and local support of Ejidos and Comunidades. We also directly acknowledge the use of data drawn from the Natural Forest plot data collected between January 2009 and March 2014 by the LUCAS programme for the New Zealand Ministry for the Environment. Data were sourced via the NZ National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank.
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© 2023, The Author(s).
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