TY - JOUR

T1 - Transitions in European land-management regimes between 1800 and 2010

AU - Jepsen, Martin Rudbeck

AU - Kuemmerle, Tobias

AU - Müller, Daniel

AU - Erb, Karlheinz

AU - Verburg, Peter H.

AU - Haberl, Helmut

AU - Vesterager, Jens Peter

AU - Andrič, Maja

AU - Antrop, Marc

AU - Austrheim, Gunnar

AU - Björn, Ismo

AU - Bondeau, Alberte

AU - Bürgi, Matthias

AU - Bryson, Jessica

AU - Caspar, Gilles

AU - Cassar, Louis F.

AU - Conrad, Elisabeth

AU - Chromý, Pavel

AU - Daugirdas, Vidmantas

AU - Van Eetvelde, Veerle

AU - Elena-Rosselló, Ramon

AU - Gimmi, Urs

AU - Izakovicova, Zita

AU - Jančák, Vít

AU - Jansson, Ulf

AU - Kladnik, Drago

AU - Kozak, Jacek

AU - Konkoly-Gyuró, Eva

AU - Krausmann, Fridolin

AU - Mander, Ülo

AU - McDonagh, John

AU - Pärn, Jaan

AU - Niedertscheider, Maria

AU - Nikodemus, Olgerts

AU - Ostapowicz, Katarzyna

AU - Pérez-Soba, Marta

AU - Pinto-Correia, Teresa

AU - Ribokas, Gintaras

AU - Rounsevell, Mark

AU - Schistou, Despoina

AU - Schmit, Claude

AU - Terkenli, Theano S.

AU - Tretvik, Aud M.

AU - Trzepacz, Piotr

AU - Vadineanu, Angheluta

AU - Walz, Ariane

AU - Zhllima, Edvin

AU - Reenberg, Anette

PY - 2015/12

Y1 - 2015/12

N2 - Abstract Land use is a cornerstone of human civilization, but also intrinsically linked to many global sustainability challenges—from climate change to food security to the ongoing biodiversity crisis. Understanding the underlying technological, institutional and economic drivers of land-use change, and how they play out in different environmental, socio-economic and cultural contexts, is therefore important for identifying effective policies to successfully address these challenges. In this regard, much can be learned from studying long-term land-use change. We examined the evolution of European land management over the past 200 years with the aim of identifying (1) key episodes of changes in land management, and (2) their underlying technological, institutional and economic drivers. To do so, we generated narratives elaborating on the drivers of land use-change at the country level for 28 countries in Europe. We qualitatively grouped drivers into land-management regimes, and compared changes in management regimes across Europe. Our results allowed discerning seven land-management regimes, and highlighted marked heterogeneity regarding the types of management regimes occurring in a particular country, the timing and prevalence of regimes, and the conditions that result in observed bifurcations. However, we also found strong similarities across countries in the timing of certain land-management regime shifts, often in relation to institutional reforms (e.g., changes in EU agrarian policies or the emergence and collapse of the Soviet land management paradigm) or to technological innovations (e.g., drainage pipes, tillage and harvesting machinery, motorization, and synthetic fertilizers). Land reforms frequently triggered changes in land management, and the location and timing of reforms had substantial impacts on land-use outcomes. Finally, forest protection policies and voluntary cooperatives were important drivers of land-management changes. Overall, our results demonstrate that land-system changes should not be conceived as unidirectional developments following predefined trajectories, but rather as path-dependent processes that may be affected by various drivers, including sudden events.

AB - Abstract Land use is a cornerstone of human civilization, but also intrinsically linked to many global sustainability challenges—from climate change to food security to the ongoing biodiversity crisis. Understanding the underlying technological, institutional and economic drivers of land-use change, and how they play out in different environmental, socio-economic and cultural contexts, is therefore important for identifying effective policies to successfully address these challenges. In this regard, much can be learned from studying long-term land-use change. We examined the evolution of European land management over the past 200 years with the aim of identifying (1) key episodes of changes in land management, and (2) their underlying technological, institutional and economic drivers. To do so, we generated narratives elaborating on the drivers of land use-change at the country level for 28 countries in Europe. We qualitatively grouped drivers into land-management regimes, and compared changes in management regimes across Europe. Our results allowed discerning seven land-management regimes, and highlighted marked heterogeneity regarding the types of management regimes occurring in a particular country, the timing and prevalence of regimes, and the conditions that result in observed bifurcations. However, we also found strong similarities across countries in the timing of certain land-management regime shifts, often in relation to institutional reforms (e.g., changes in EU agrarian policies or the emergence and collapse of the Soviet land management paradigm) or to technological innovations (e.g., drainage pipes, tillage and harvesting machinery, motorization, and synthetic fertilizers). Land reforms frequently triggered changes in land management, and the location and timing of reforms had substantial impacts on land-use outcomes. Finally, forest protection policies and voluntary cooperatives were important drivers of land-management changes. Overall, our results demonstrate that land-system changes should not be conceived as unidirectional developments following predefined trajectories, but rather as path-dependent processes that may be affected by various drivers, including sudden events.

KW - Land-use change

KW - Long-term socio-ecological research

KW - Land-management regimes

KW - Institutional change

KW - Technological innovation

KW - Policy

KW - Path dependency

U2 - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.07.003

DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.07.003

M3 - Journal article

VL - 49

SP - 53

EP - 64

JO - Land Use Policy

JF - Land Use Policy

SN - 0264-8377

ER -