TY - JOUR

T1 - Groundwater flow and heterogeneous discharge into a seepage lake

T2 - combined use of physical methods and hydrochemical tracers

AU - Kazmierczak, Jolanta

AU - Müller, Sascha

AU - Nilsson, B.

AU - Postma, D.

AU - Czekaj, J.

AU - Sebok, E.

AU - Jessen, Søren

AU - Karan, Sachin

AU - Stenvig Jensen, C.

AU - Edelvang, K.

AU - Engesgaard, Peter Knudegaard

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - Groundwater discharge into a seepage lake was investigated by combining flux measurements, hydrochemical tracers, geological information, and a telescopic modeling approach using first two-dimensional (2-D) regional then 2-D local flow and flow path models. Discharge measurements and hydrochemical tracers supplement each other. Discharge measurements yield flux estimates but rarely provide information about the origin and flow path of the water. Hydrochemical tracers may reveal the origin and flow path of the water but rarely provide any information about the flux. While aquifer interacting with the lake remained under seemingly steady state conditions across seasons, a high spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the discharge to the lake was observed. The results showed that part of the groundwater flowing from the west passes beneath the lake and discharges at the eastern shore, where groundwater springs and high discharge zones (HDZs) are observed at the lake bottom and at seepage faces adjacent to the lake. In the 2-D cross section, surface runoff from the seepage faces delivers 64% of the total groundwater inputs to the lake, and a 2 m wide offshore HDZ delivers 13%. Presence of HDZs may control nutrient fluxes to the lake.

AB - Groundwater discharge into a seepage lake was investigated by combining flux measurements, hydrochemical tracers, geological information, and a telescopic modeling approach using first two-dimensional (2-D) regional then 2-D local flow and flow path models. Discharge measurements and hydrochemical tracers supplement each other. Discharge measurements yield flux estimates but rarely provide information about the origin and flow path of the water. Hydrochemical tracers may reveal the origin and flow path of the water but rarely provide any information about the flux. While aquifer interacting with the lake remained under seemingly steady state conditions across seasons, a high spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the discharge to the lake was observed. The results showed that part of the groundwater flowing from the west passes beneath the lake and discharges at the eastern shore, where groundwater springs and high discharge zones (HDZs) are observed at the lake bottom and at seepage faces adjacent to the lake. In the 2-D cross section, surface runoff from the seepage faces delivers 64% of the total groundwater inputs to the lake, and a 2 m wide offshore HDZ delivers 13%. Presence of HDZs may control nutrient fluxes to the lake.

KW - groundwater discharge

KW - hydrochemical tracers

KW - seepage lake

U2 - 10.1002/2016WR019326

DO - 10.1002/2016WR019326

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85006170225

VL - 52

SP - 9109

EP - 9130

JO - Water Resources Research

JF - Water Resources Research

SN - 0043-1397

IS - 11

ER -